Manual of standards for diagnostic tests and vaccines. Pdf leptospirosis, caused by the pathogenic leptospires, is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases known. Leptospirosis in animals is frequently misdiagnosed as meningitis or hepatitis. Microbiologia y parasitologia medicas tomo i alina llop hernandez ma. Certain versions of this species, known as serovars, are pathogenic, while others are harmless. Human leptospirosis results from contact with water, soil and food contaminated with the urine of leptospiruric rats, dogs, pigs and other animals.
Leptospira interrogans is a gram negative obligate aerobe. It can be a very serious problem in the livestock industry. First discovered in 1907, the pathogenic serovars, canicola and icterohaemorrhagiae, are consistently misdiagnosed because of the ambiguous symptoms that crop up after infection. As bacterias do genero leptospira pertencem a familia leptospiraceae. This study provides information about circulating leptospires spread by rats and mice in angola.
Leptospira medium base is enriched by the addition of leptospira enrichment. The 16s gene presents little variation and is well conserved among leptospira species and has been well accepted for leptospira diagnosis morey et al. Leptospirosis enfermedades infecciosas manual merck. At the 2007 meeting of the subcommittee on the taxonomy of leptospiraceae held in quito, ecuador, it was decided to. For pet owners leptospira can infect over 160 species of mammal. The bacteria live in the kidney of the infected host. Leptospira bacteria have been found in dogs, rats, livestock, mice, voles, rabbits, hedgehogs, skunks, possums, frogs, fish, snakes, and certain birds and insects. Rapid reproduction causes further inflammation and kidney failure. Several diseases may produce symptoms similar to those of leptospirosis, so that laboratory. Isolation of pathogenic leptospira strains from naturally infected cattle in.
A leptospira interrogans, com seus multiplos sorotipos. Ha forma di filamento elicoidale ad estremita uncinate e possiede 2 flagelli che lo rendono mobile. Introduction leptospirosis is a zoonosis with protean clinical manifestations caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus leptospira. Leptospira greek leptos, fine, thin and latin spira, coil is a genus of spirochaete bacteria, including a small number of pathogenic and saprophytic species. Isolation and characterization of leptospira interrogans from pigs. Os animais infectados podem eliminar a leptospira atraves da urina durante meses, anos ou por toda a vida, segundo a especie animal e o sorovar envolvido. Signs and symptoms can range from none to mild headaches, muscle pains, and fevers to severe with bleeding from the lungs or meningitis. Standards for diagnostic tests and vaccines are described in the manual. Pdf on jul 1, 2014, rita castro and others published treponema, borrelia e leptospira in microbiologia medica volume 1 find, read and cite all the. Leptospira interrogans serogroup pomona serovar kennewicki. Water sports fishing swimming rice farming human infection leptospira in urine. Download fulltext pdf treponema, borrelia e leptospira in microbiologia medica volume 1 chapter pdf available july 2014 with 522 reads.
Once the leptospira bacteria enters the blood stream, the spirochetes travel quickly, usually to the kidneys. This bacterium is motile and has a spiral or helical shape like other spirochetes 1. Infected animals typically shed the bacteria in their urine. A blood test or titer to identify antibodies to specific leptospira serotypes can be performed. Leptospirosis is caused by various species of leptospira, a spirochete in the family leptospiraceae, order spirochaetales. Pdf leptospirosis, is one of the bacterial zoonosis more diffused in the world. Isolation of pathogenic leptospira strains from naturally infected cattle.
Synonyms for the disease include weils disease, weilvasiliev disease, swineherds disease, ricefield fever, waterborne fever, nanukayami fever, canecutter fever, swamp fever, mud fever, stuttgart disease, and canicola fever. Summary acute leptospirosis is an infrequent disease in sheep that can cause jaundice, haemolysis, haemoglobinuria, hepatitis and nephritis. Lilia arely prado barragan universidad autonoma metropolitana i. Abstract different serovars of pathogenic leptospira interrogans are responsible for leptospirosis, a bacterial zoonosis of worldwide dimensions. Pdf treponema, borrelia e leptospira in microbiologia. Infeccion invasiva, cepas con capsula, grupo b 2 a 4% portadores infeccion localizada o no invasiva, cepas sin capsula, mas frecuentes 50 a. Overview of the leptospira bacterium itself leptospirosis. Leptospira interrogans stimson 1907 wenyon 1926 spirochaeta. It has an optimum temperature of 30 degrees celsius and an optimum ph of 7. Leptospira interrogans is a specific species of leptospira bacteria. Leptospires are relatively slowgrowing bacteria in both liquid culture and solid medium. Estos ultimos son mas frecuentes durante desastres naturales. Leptospirosis is a blood infection caused by a corkscrewshaped bacterium called leptospira. Most mammals can be infected with leptospirosis, however animals like skunks and raccoons are natural reservoirs that do not show clinical signs.
To view all the submission files, including those not included in the pdf, click. Leptospirosis can also be transmitted venereally, through the placenta, via bite wounds, or by ingestion of infected tissue, food, or bedding. Leptospirosis finnsnflssbon cycle mamalian reservoirs wild and domestic animals leptospira in urine contaminated water and soil risk factors. The leptospira medium base was originally formulated by ellinghousen and mccullough 3 and modified by johnson and harris 4. Leptospira was first observed in 1907 in kidney tissue slices of a leptospirosis victim who was described as having died of yellow fever. Leptospira enrichment supplement provides long chain fatty acids as the carbon, energy source and vitamin for the growth of leptospira. Leptospirosis is a growing public and veterinary health concern caused by. Llop hernandez a, valdesda pena vivanco mm, zuazo silva j.
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacteria leptospira interrogans. Overview of the leptospira bacterium itself leptospires are aerobic spirochetes whose cells are flexulous, motile, tightly coiled and have axial flagellae. The basic unit of leptospira taxonomy is the serovar. Department of communicable disease surveillance and. Infected animals will pass the bacteria in their urine for months. Leptospira is the name of a genus group of long, thin, spiral shaped bacteria that are sometimes also called leptospires. Isolation of pathogenic leptospira strains from naturally infected. Longchain fatty acids are the sole carbon and energy sources currently known, and are. Direct detection and differentiation of pathogenic leptospira. As especies patogenicas sao distribuidas nos grupos i e ii.
Leptospirosis is called a zoonosis because it is a disease of animals that can be transmitted to humans. Twenty leptospira species have been described and, although the genomic dna. Pdf treponema, borrelia e leptospira in microbiologia medica. Microbiologia clinica veterinaria vet 3225 internet. Some leptospira are harmless saprophytes that reside in the environment, while others are pathogenic. A positive diagnosis can be made through blood tests or urine analysis. In a more severe form, known as weils disease, it causes the infected individual to turn yellow, develop kidney failure, and bleed.
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